Introduction: Are Gallstones Behind Your Constipation?
Constipation is one of the most common digestive complaints among adults in the U.S., affecting an estimated 16% of the population. Meanwhile, gallstones—a common condition impacting the gallbladder—affect roughly 20 million Americans each year, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
While these two conditions may seem unrelated, many people wonder: can gallstones cause constipation? The short answer is they can, indirectly. But understanding why takes a bit of digging into how your digestive system works.
In this guide, we’ll break down the link between gallstones and constipation, explore overlapping symptoms, and outline how to get the right diagnosis and treatment—especially if you’re navigating these issues in 2025.
What Are Gallstones?
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile, cholesterol, or pigment that form in the gallbladder—a small organ located just beneath the liver. The gallbladder stores bile, a fluid that helps your body digest fats.
There are two main types of gallstones:
- Cholesterol Gallstones – The most common in the U.S.
- Pigment Gallstones – Made of excess bilirubin, more common in people with liver disease
Gallstones range in size and may go unnoticed (asymptomatic) or cause painful symptoms if they block a bile duct.
Common Symptoms of Gallstones
While not everyone with gallstones experiences symptoms, when they do occur, they’re often unmistakable:
- Sudden pain in the upper right abdomen or under the rib cage
- Pain after eating fatty meals
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bloating or gas
- Indigestion
- Back or shoulder pain
But can gallstones also cause constipation? Let’s explore how.
Can Gallstones Cause Constipation?
Yes, gallstones can contribute to constipation—but usually not in a direct, mechanical way. Instead, constipation often occurs due to the broader digestive disturbances gallstones create.
Here are some ways gallstones may lead to or worsen constipation:
1. Disrupted Bile Flow
Bile is essential for breaking down fats and moving digested material through the intestines. When gallstones block the bile ducts, bile flow slows or stops, which can slow digestion and lead to sluggish bowel movements.
2. Pain and Food Avoidance
People with gallstones often experience pain after meals, especially fatty foods. As a result, they may eat less or avoid meals altogether. Reduced food intake can slow intestinal activity and contribute to constipation.
3. Medication Side Effects
Pain medications, especially opioids prescribed for gallstone pain, are known to cause constipation as a side effect.
4. Digestive Inflammation
Gallstones can cause cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder), which affects overall digestion. Inflammation can indirectly influence gut motility, especially in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Overlapping Digestive Symptoms: Gallstones vs. Constipation
Many symptoms of gallstones and constipation overlap, which can lead to confusion:
| Symptom | Gallstones | Constipation |
| Bloating | ✓ | ✓ |
| Abdominal pain | ✓ | ✓ |
| Nausea | ✓ | ✓ (less common) |
| Pain after eating | ✓ | ✗ |
| Irregular bowel movements | ✗ | ✓ |
If you’re experiencing both digestive discomfort and irregular bowel habits, it’s important to investigate both issues rather than assume one is causing the other.
Who’s at Risk for Gallstones and Constipation?
In 2025, the risk factors for gallstones and constipation remain closely tied to lifestyle and age.
Gallstone Risk Factors:
- Women, especially over age 40
- Obesity
- Rapid weight loss
- High-fat, low-fiber diet
- Family history
- Diabetes
Constipation Risk Factors:
- Low fiber intake
- Dehydration
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Certain medications (e.g., opioids, antidepressants)
- Underlying GI conditions like IBS
Interestingly, many people have overlapping risk factors, which means they may develop both conditions at the same time.
When to See a Doctor
If you’re unsure whether gallstones are contributing to your digestive issues, watch for these warning signs:
- Severe pain in the upper abdomen that lasts longer than a few hours
- Vomiting or fever with abdominal discomfort
- Dark urine or jaundice (yellowing of the skin/eyes)
- No bowel movements for more than 3 days
- Abdominal bloating that persists after changes to your diet
Persistent or worsening symptoms could indicate a blocked bile duct, gallbladder infection, or other serious complication.
Diagnosing Gallstones and Related Digestive Issues
A proper diagnosis is crucial before jumping to conclusions. Here’s what to expect during the diagnostic process:
Tests for Gallstones:
- Ultrasound – Primary imaging tool to detect gallstones
- CT Scan or MRI – Used for more complex or unclear cases
- HIDA Scan – Measures gallbladder function
Tests for Constipation or Bowel Function:
- Physical exam and medical history
- Colonoscopy (for chronic constipation or over age 50)
- Blood tests to rule out metabolic conditions
- Stool tests to detect infections or inflammation
Treatment Options in 2025
1. Gallstone Treatment
If gallstones are causing significant symptoms or complications, treatment may include:
- Cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) – Still the most common and effective solution
- Medications – Such as ursodiol, though less effective and slower-acting
- Dietary adjustments – Low-fat, high-fiber diets to minimize symptoms
According to CDC.gov, gallbladder removal is one of the top ten most common surgeries performed in the U.S.
2. Managing Constipation
Whether related to gallstones or not, constipation can usually be managed with:
- Increased dietary fiber (25–30g/day)
- Hydration – Drink at least 8 cups of water daily
- Exercise – Physical activity stimulates digestion
- Stool softeners or laxatives (used cautiously)
- Probiotics – Help balance gut bacteria
U.S. Data and Trends (2024–2025)
In 2024, the FDA reported a growing use of at-home digestive health tests, including stool sample kits and food sensitivity panels. While not replacements for imaging, these tests help Americans take early steps in addressing GI symptoms.
Additionally, Medicare.gov and private insurers continue to cover gallbladder surgery when it’s deemed medically necessary—especially if complications like cholecystitis, pancreatitis, or severe indigestion are present.
Telehealth access for GI consultations has also expanded, making it easier to discuss symptoms like constipation and bloating from the comfort of home.
Preventive Tips to Avoid Gallstones and Constipation
A healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of both gallstones and constipation:
- Eat more fiber-rich foods: fruits, vegetables, whole grains
- Limit saturated fats and processed foods
- Stay active: aim for 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Avoid rapid weight loss: gradual weight loss is better for gallbladder health
FAQs: Can Gallstones Cause Constipation?
Q: Is constipation a common symptom of gallstones?
A: Not directly, but gallstones can disrupt digestion and lead to constipation in some cases.
Q: Can removing the gallbladder cure constipation?
A: Not necessarily. If gallstones are contributing, symptoms may improve—but other causes may still need attention.
Q: Can constipation make gallstone symptoms worse?
A: Yes. Straining during bowel movements can worsen abdominal pain and pressure.
Conclusion: Understanding the Link Between Gallstones and Constipation
While gallstones don’t typically cause constipation in the same way as a bowel disorder, they can indirectly contribute through pain, inflammation, and disrupted digestion. If you’re dealing with both issues, a full medical evaluation is essential to get the right diagnosis and treatment plan.
Digestive health is complex—and symptoms like bloating, irregular bowel habits, and abdominal pain shouldn’t be ignored. With the right lifestyle changes and medical support, most people can find lasting relief.
If you’re experiencing chronic constipation alongside upper abdominal pain, don’t guess—get checked. Schedule a consultation with a gastroenterologist or primary care physician to explore whether gallstones could be part of the problem and learn your treatment options.
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